CT Coronary Angiography

What is a CT coronary angiography?

A CT coronary angiography (CTCA) is a medical imaging procedure that uses computed tomography (CT) technology to visualize the blood vessels of the heart, specifically the coronary arteries. The coronary arteries are responsible for supplying oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. CTCA is a non-invasive way to assess the presence of blockages or narrowing in these arteries, which can be indicative of coronary artery disease (CAD) or other heart conditions.

Here's how a CT coronary angiography works:

• Preparation: Before the procedure, the patient may be asked to abstain from eating or drinking for a few hours, and they might receive intravenous contrast dye to enhance the visibility of blood vessels during imaging.
• Imaging: During the CTCA, the patient lies on a table that slides into a CT scanner. The scanner uses X-rays to take multiple cross-sectional images of the heart and coronary arteries.
• Contrast Injection: A contrast dye is injected into a vein to highlight the coronary arteries and blood vessels. This dye allows for better visualization of any blockages or abnormalities in the arteries.
• Image Reconstruction: The computer processes the obtained images to create detailed 3D images of the coronary arteries and the heart. These images can be reviewed by a radiologist or cardiologist.
• Analysis: The images are analyzed to assess the presence and extent of any plaque buildup, narrowing, or blockages in the coronary arteries. This information helps diagnose coronary artery disease.

Advantages of CT coronary angiography:

CT coronary angiography has several advantages:

• It is non-invasive, meaning there is no need for catheters or invasive procedures.
• It provides detailed and high-resolution images of the coronary arteries.
• It is relatively quick and typically does not require an overnight hospital stay.
• It can be used to evaluate the suitability of patients for procedures like coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or angioplasty.

However, it also has some limitations, such as exposure to ionizing radiation and the need for contrast dye, which may not be suitable for everyone.

The results of a CT coronary angiography can help guide treatment decisions and monitor the progression of coronary artery disease, allowing healthcare providers to tailor treatment plans for individual patients. It's essential to discuss the procedure's benefits and risks with your healthcare provider if it is recommended for you.

Preventive strategies against Angina & Heart Attacks

Ischemic heart disease, comprising of Angina and Heart attacks has reached an epidemic proportion in Eastern India. Some of the work groups have shown the incidence to be 10.3% in comparison to the World average of 1% and National average of 7%.

Angina

Angina pectoris is the pain or sense of compression or discomfort you feel during physical exertion, i.e. during a brisk walk, jog or stair climbing. This is your heart's cry for more oxygen when its workload is increased. This is due to narrowing of the coronary arteries and their consequent inability to meet the heart's demand during exertion or exercise.

Heart attack

Heart attack or Myocardial infarction is the condition where the blood supply to a part of the heart muscle is temporarily or permanently cut-off leading to first stunning and subsequent death of the myocardium. This is usually a life threatening condition. Unfortunately almost 70% of the heart attacks occur in patients with less than 50% narrowing of coronary arteries, i.e. people with normal ECG, normal TMT and most of the time normal catheter angiograms.

Risk Factors

Genetics and heredity contribute 75% to this disease process. Diabetes, Hypertension, Dyslipidemia (high levels of Bad Cholesterol and concomitant low levels of Good Cholesterol) are the major, albeit, medically controllable factors. The balance 25% is contributed to by your lifestyle - wrong food habits, smoking and sedentary but stressful life style rapidly push you towards a Heart attack, if you are genetically predisposed, like every 3rd Indian you meet.

Self-assessment of risk

You need to evaluate your age, family history, smoking status, fasting blood sugar, Blood Good Cholesterol (HDL) level, Blood Bad Cholesterol (LDL) level, Blood Triglyceride level and your recent Systolic blood pressure with your doctor.