The Silent Killer: How Smoking and Air Pollution Are Damaging Our Lungs
As we marked World Lung Cancer Day on 1st August, it's essential to acknowledge the devastating impact of lung cancer on individuals and communities worldwide. Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally.
Key facts (WHO)
- Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, accounting for the highest mortality rates among both men and women.
- Smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer, responsible for approximately 85% of all cases.
- Lung cancer is often diagnosed at advanced stages when treatment options are limited.
- Screening high risk individuals has the potential to allow early detection and to dramatically improve survival rates.
- Primary prevention (such as tobacco control measures and reducing exposure to environmental risk factors) can reduce the incidence of lung cancer and save lives.
The Deadly Duo: Smoking and Environmental Pollution
Smoking and environmental pollution are the two leading causes of lung cancer. Tobacco smoke contains over 70 known carcinogens and smoking is responsible for approximately 80-90% of all lung cancer deaths. Environmental pollution, including air pollution, is another critical factor that contributes to lung cancer.
Lung Cancer: Signs and Symptoms
Lung cancer typically doesn't cause symptoms in its early stages, making early diagnosis challenging. However, as the disease progresses, signs and symptoms may include:
- A new cough that doesn't go away
- Chest pain
- Coughing up blood, even a small amount
- Hoarseness
- Shortness of breath
- Wheezing
If you experience any of these symptoms, it's crucial to consult with your doctor or healthcare professional.
The Impact of Smoking on Lungs
Smoking damages the lungs in multiple ways:
- Tar and nicotine: Tar and nicotine in tobacco smoke damage the cilia in the lungs, making it harder for them to clean out mucus and debris.
- Inflammation: Smoking causes chronic inflammation in the lungs, leading to scarring and damage to lung tissue.
- DNA damage: Tobacco smoke contains carcinogens that damage the DNA of lung cells, increasing the risk of cancer.
The Impact of Environmental Pollution on Lungs
Environmental pollution, including air pollution, can also damage the lungs:
- Particulate matter: PM2.5, a type of particulate matter, can penetrate deep into the lungs, causing inflammation and damage.
- Ozone: Ground-level ozone can irritate the lungs, exacerbating conditions like asthma.
- Nitrogen dioxide: NO2 can cause inflammation and damage to lung tissue.
Early Diagnosis and Treatment
Early diagnosis is vital in treating lung cancer effectively. If you're concerned about your risk or are experiencing symptoms, consult with a pulmonologist or chest medicine specialist doctor. They can recommend strategies for quitting smoking and provide guidance on lung cancer screening.
Diagnosis
Diagnostic methods for lung cancer include :
- Physical examination
- Imaging (such as chest X-rays, computed tomography scans and magnetic resonance imaging)
- Examination of the inside of the lung using a bronchoscopy
- Taking a sample of tissue (biopsy) for histopathology examination and definition of the specific subtype (NSCLC versus SCLC)
- Molecular testing to identify specific genetic mutations or biomarkers to guide the best treatment option
Taking Action
On World Lung Cancer Day, let's recognize the importance of healthy lungs and take action to reduce the risks:
- Quit smoking: If you're a smoker, quitting is the best way to reduce your risk of lung cancer.
- Avoid second hand smoke: If you're a non-smoker, avoid exposure to second hand smoke.
- Reduce exposure to air pollution: Take steps to reduce your exposure to air pollution, such as using air purifiers and avoiding heavily polluted areas.
- Support clean air policies: Advocate for policies that promote clean air and reduce pollution.
Together, we can work towards a future with healthier lungs and a reduced risk of lung cancer.
